History of welding
Although different options for blacksmithing are known from the bronze and iron centuries, arc welding came to us much later. In 1802, Vasily Petrov opened a continuous electric arc, and then proposed the possibility of its practical application, including use in welding. French electrical engineer Auguste de Meritan released the first arc welding with a coal electrode and patented it in 1881. It was successfully used for welding in the production of acid batteries, but it did not fit for steel, since there was not enough temperature. Auguste de Meritana should also thank for the invention of cooking equipment – the very closed hoods and a pipe for removing harmful vapors. These were the first protective equipment that a person should have when working with welding machines – they teach all this when you get a welder certificate.
In 1881-1882, Russian inventor Nikolai Benardos created the method of electric arc welding also using a coal electrode, but suitable for steel. Achievements in the area of arc welding did not end there. The development of the direction continued with the use of a metal electrode in welding at the end of the 19th century by Russian scientist Nikolai Slavyanov and American researcher Charles Koffin. They at about the same time at different points of the planet came to the same concept.
Around 1900 a. Stroenger released a metal electrode in the UK, which gave a more stable arc. In 1905, scientist Vladimir Mitkevich proposed the use of a three -phase electric arc for welding. In 1919, Hollag proposed alternating current for welding, but the method was not popular decades.
During this time, alternative welding methods such as contact welding and gas welding were invented. Both options, especially the latter, met strong competition from arc welding, with the development of metal coatings for the electrode, which stabilized the arc and protected the main material from impurities.
During the First World War, welding began to be used for shipbuilding in the UK instead of riveted steel plates. The Americans also accepted the technology for the restoration of ships after Germany attack the New York harbor. Oak welding was also used to repair aircraft during the war. In 1919, the British shipbuilder Cammell Lair began building a Fullagar merchant vessel from a completely welded corps.
In 1920, the main successes in welding technology were achieved, including automatic welding, in which machines will certainly serve electrode wire. In 1930, welding under the flux was invented, which is popular today. In 1932, the Russian inventor Konstantin Khrenov successfully realized the first underwater arc welding. In 1957, he made his debut of the process of powder welding, increasing the speed of welding. In the same year, they invented plasma arc welding. In 1958, the invention of electric -shaking welding and then in 1961 of electric gas welding followed.